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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power in the treatment of epidemic-closed lung type COVID-19 by network pharmacology. Method(s): The potential blood active components and gene targets of Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power were screened and predicted by TCMSP;The angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)related gene targets were downloaded;The PPI network of components-targets was plotted by STRING database.The intersection of ACE2-related genes and target genes of Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power was extracted;The DAVID database was used to analyze and screen the key targets and mechanisms of Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power. Result(s): A total of 496 active ingredients related to Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power were retrieved from TCMSP database.According to the pharmacokinetic parameters, 78 active components in blood were screened and 761 targets were retrieved.5 556 ACE2-related genes were downloaded.49 key genes were obtained after the intersection of Chinese medicine component targets and ACE2 related gene targets;The genes affected by Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power were mainly involved in cytoketone metabolism, intracellular protein transport, internal peptidase inhibitor activity and others, which were mainly related to the signaling pathway of the Jak-STAT, the intestinal immune network pathway of producing IgA, complement and coagulation cascade pathway, etc. Conclusion(s): Xuanbai chengqi decoction and Sangbei power can act on ACE2 through 49 gene loci, and its mechanism is related to cellular ketone metabolism and inhibition of protein entry into cells. Copyright © 2021, Central Station of Chinese Medicinal Materials Information, National Medical Products Administration. All right reserved.
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Ultraviolet (UV) and ozonization technology are efficient physical processes for the disinfection of bacteria and viruses. At present, due to the outbreak of the novel coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) around the world, it is imperative to seek effective disinfection methods for the SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, the disinfection mechanisms of UV and ozone were analyzed, and many studies on the inactivation of similar coronavirus such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV by UV and ozone were reviewed. The feasibility on the application of UV and ozone to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 was discussed.
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Respiratory disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia first emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other provinces and other countries. This report briefly introduces SARS-CoV-2's structure, basic characterization and replication process. It also includes some special research results by different researchers, for example, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as the receptor and the binding of S protein to its receptor ACE2 is triggered by the cellular serine protease TMPRSS2.
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COVID-19 is a pandemic, as such developing a type of material that can inhibit the spread of the novel coronavirus is vital. In this article, copper as metallization material for textiles is discussed for developing disinfection mouth masks or other protective textiles. Copper has been proved to have significant effect against certain bacteria or virus according to several research. For example the Human-Coronavirus 229E virus survive time on copper alloy demonstrates the antivirus property of cooper. The mechanism, such as Cu(I) and Cu (II) enhanced by reactive oxygen species generation on alloy surfaces and other theories is discussed. The metallization method for textile includes the dry process and wet process. However, to develop safe and effective cooper-coated material to inhibit COVID-19 virus requires further research.
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New Year's Eve 2020, Wuhan outbreak of new crown pneumonia and spread nationwide. This global epidemic has brought great challenges to the operation of emergency logistics system in China In the face of this major public health emergency test, we can note that there are still many shortcomings in the current supply chain system of emergency logistics in China This paper summarizes the experience and lessons accumulated in the anti-epidemic process, aims at all kinds of short boards of the current emergency logistics system and gives the idea of constructing and perfecting it. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.
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Unlike the large body of research on investigating interactions among cities using survey data, the social media-based city interaction study has received much less exploration. Based on geographical studies of social media content in China, we develop a few indices quantifying various levels of geographical awareness among cities. (1) We find that the geographical awareness proxy by the social media-based indices can measure interactions among cities. Specifically, the geographical awareness among cities follows gravitational law and is highly correlated with mobility flows. (2) The spatial in-awareness index (SIAI) is an appropriate index indicating a city's ranking in the urban hierarchy (3) the spatial out-awareness rate (SOAR) can indicate the interactions from a focal city to other cities. Our findings also show that SOAR can predict the number of people infected during a pandemic in a city system. Once the origin city or hotspots of the outbreak and the number of infected persons within those cities are known, we can use the social media-based SOAR index to predict number of cases for other else cities in the urban system. With this information, governments can properly and efficiently deliver medical equipment and staff to cities where large populations are infected. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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The fast evolving and deadly outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed grand challenges to human society. To slow the spread of virus infections and better respond with actionable strategies for community mitigation, leveraging the large-scale and real-time pandemic related data generated from heterogeneous sources (e.g., disease related data, demographic data, mobility data, and social media data), in this work, we propose and develop a data-driven system (named α-satellite), as an initial offering, to provide real-time COVID-19 risk assessment in a hierarchical manner in the United States. More specifically, given a location (either user input or automatic positioning), the system will automatically provide risk indices associated with the specific location, the county that location is in and the state as a whole to enable people to select appropriate actions for protection while minimizing disruptions to daily life to the extent possible. In α-satellite, we first construct an attributed heterogeneous information network (AHIN) to model the collected multi-source data in a comprehensive way;and then we utilize meta-path based schemes to model both vertical and horizontal information associated with a given location (i.e., point of interest, POI);finally we devise a novel heterogeneous graph neural network to aggregate its neighborhood information to estimate the risk of the given POI in a hierarchical manner. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of α-satellite in real-time COVID-19 risk assessment, a set of studies are first performed to validate its utility;based on a real-world dataset consisting of 6,538 annotated POIs, the experimental results show that α-satellite achieves the area of under curve (AUC) of 0.9378, which outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines. After we launched the system for public tests, it had attracted 51,190 users as of May 30. Based on the analysis of its large-scale users, we have a key finding that people from more severe regions (i.e., with larger numbers of COVID-19 cases) have stronger interests using the system for actionable information. Our system and generated benchmark datasets have been made publicly accessible through our website. © 2020 ACM.
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BACKGROUND: Lungs from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown typical signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), formation of hyaline membrane mainly composed of fibrin and 'ground-glass' opacity. Previously, we showed plasminogen itself is a key regulator in fibrin degradation, wound healing and infection. AIM: We aimed to investigate whether plasminogen can improve lung lesions and hypoxemia of COVID-19. DESIGN: Thirteen clinically moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 patients were treated with atomization inhalation of freeze-dried plasminogen. METHODS: Levels of their lung lesions, oxygen saturation and heart rates were compared before and after treatment by computed tomography scanning images and patient monitor. RESULTS: After plasminogen inhalation, conditions of lung lesions in five clinically moderate patients have quickly improved, shown as the decreased range and density of 'ground glass' opacity. Improvements of oxygen saturation were observed in six clinically severe patients. In the two patients with critical conditions, the oxygen levels have significantly increased from 79-82% to 91% just about 1 h after the first inhalation. In 8 of 13 patients, the heart rates had slowed down. For the five clinically moderate patients, the difference is even statistically significant. Furthermore, a general relief of chest tightness was observed. CONCLUSION: Whereas it is reported that plasminogen is dramatically increased in adults with ARDS, this study suggests that additional plasminogen may be effective and efficient in treating lung lesions and hypoxemia during COVID-19 infections. Although further studies are needed, this study highlights a possible hope of efficiently combating this rapid epidemic emergency.